Bird flu
- What to do if you keep birds
- How to spot signs of bird flu
- What to do if you see a dead wild bird
- How to dispose of a dead wild bird found at domestic premises with suspected or confirmed bird flu
- General advice to the public
What to do if you keep birds
Bird flu is a disease that mainly affects wild and captive birds such as poultry and game birds.
Update 3 April 2024
The UK has self-declared zonal freedom from highly pathogenic avian influenza for Great Britain with effect from 29 March 2024. This is in line with World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) rules.
The declaration is being reviewed and will be published by WOAH shortly. This follows Northern Ireland declaring itself free on 31 March 2023.
The UK does not currently have outbreaks of HPAI in poultry or other captive birds. The current risk to poultry from HPAI H5 in Great Britain is low. However, HPAI H5N1 continues to be found in wild birds in Great Britain and across Europe with outbreaks occurring in poultry and other captive birds in several countries in Europe.
Keepers should remain vigilant and practice stringent biosecurity to protect the health and welfare of their birds. Find out how to protect your birds in our biosecurity guidance.
New registration requirements for bird keepers in Great Britain
On 19 March 2024 the government announced new measures to help protect the poultry sector from bird flu.
This includes the requirement for all keepers of poultry and captive birds to register, regardless of the numbers of birds, more details can be found at Register as a keeper of less than 50 poultry or other captive birds - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
If you suspect any type of bird flu in poultry or captive birds you must report it immediately by calling the Animal and Health Plant Agency Helpline on 03000 200 301. Failure to do so is an offence.
Read the latest updates on the bird flu outbreak in the UK on the Government's website (opens in new window)
Register for updates from Defra
To receive the latest updates from the Government on the bird flu situation and find out if the virus is found in your area, all keepers of birds are encouraged to register with the Department for Food, Environment and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). If you have more than 50 birds this is a legal requirement.
Find out how to register your birds.
How to spot the signs of bird flu
Birds with bird flu may have the following symptoms:
- swollen head
- blue discolouration of the neck or throat
- loss of appetite
- respiratory distress such as gasping beak, coughing, sneezing, gurgling and rattling
- diarrhoea
- increased mortality
If you suspect any type of bird flu in poultry or captive birds, including those you keep as pets, you must report it immediately by calling the Defra Rural Services Helpline on 03000 200 301. Failure to do so is an offence.
What to do if you see a dead wild bird
If you see any dead wild waterfowl (swans, geese or ducks) or other dead wild birds, such as gulls or birds of prey, you should report them to the Defra helpline (03459 33 55 77 - please select option 7). Do not touch or pick up any dead or visibly sick birds that you find.
Defra may want to collect the bird for testing or they may tell you to contact us. If the bird is on public land then we will arrange for collection and dispose of the bird safely.
If the bird is on private land then it is the landowner's responsibility to dispose of the bird safely and legally.
To report a dead wild bird on public land to us please use our report a dead animal form. You can also email
How to dispose of a dead wild bird found at domestic premises with suspected or confirmed bird flu
Once you have informed Defra you can dispose of the body by burial using the following method:
- the dead wild bird can be buried, but not in a plastic bag
- the depth of the burial hole must be sufficient to prevent animals scavenging and gaining access to it – at least 60cm deep is advised
- location must not be near any watercourses, or likely to contaminate local water supplies
Dead birds should not be put in your waste or recycling bins.
General advice to the public
The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has said that avian influenza (bird flu) is primarily a disease of birds and the risk to the general public’s health is very low.
The Food Standards Agency has said that on the basis of the current scientific evidence, bird flu poses a very low food safety risk for UK consumers. Properly cooked poultry and poultry products, including eggs, are safe to eat.
Avian influenza is unconnected with coronavirus (COVID-19).